Types
- Self-report techniques (paper & pencil)
- Self-administered questionnaire
- Interviewer-administered questionnaire
- Proxy-report questionnaire
- E.g. parents on Pa behaviour of children
- Diaries
- Daily chronological recall of activity behaviour
- PA logs
- Like diaries but less burdensome: checklist
Pros
- Inexpensive, allowing large sample sizes
- Low participant burden
- Quantitative and qualitative information
- Estimate energy expenditure through Ainsworth Compendium
Cons
- Validity: recall of PA
- especially in youth and elderly
- interpretation bias
- social desirability bias
- data processing: labour- and time-consuming
- implications for large-scale studies
Digital
- online or digitalised methods of self-report
- computer questionnaire
- no missing data, no data entry, no coding error, immediate report, skip needless questions
- electronic diaries
- real-time registration of activity type (no recall bias)
- ecological momentary assessment
- answer to message/question on smartphone
- contest of activity behaviour
- environment
- social aspects
- emotional aspects
- ...
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