Strategies to account for self-efficacy in physiotherapy settings

Pre-test encouragement and instructions:
- Explain the purpose of the test clearly and reassure the participant about physical safety.
- Example: “Your back muscles are strong enough; the test is safe, and you can stop at any discomfort.”
Use gradual familiarization:
- Let participants practice the position briefly before recording the actual time.
- This increases confidence and reduces anxiety about performing incorrectly.
Monitor and give positive feedback:
- Encourage participants during the test: “You’re maintaining excellent posture, keep going!”
- Positive reinforcement can boost self-efficacy and motivation.
Combine, if possible, with objective measures (EMG or motion sensors):
- This helps distinguish between actual muscular fatigue and early termination due to low confidence.
- Provides data for personalized feedback, improving trust and self-efficacy for future sessions.
Address fear or misconceptions:
- Ask about pain or prior back issues and clarify that the test is safe.
- Reduces any psychological barriers that lower self-efficacy: psychological safety.